The Haunted Mansion is Home to Nine Hundred & Ninety Nine Happy Haunting Ghost. The original concept for the Mansion was drawn by Walt's first Imagineers Harper Goff. His original Main Street sketch had a crooked street leading away from main street leading by a peaceful church and graveyard, with a run-down manor perched high on a hill that towered over main street.
The attraction however was not included in the 1955 opening but came later with the expansion of New Orleans square. The project was handed off to Ken Anderson to build on the original concept and Ken studied old New Orleans and old plantation homes and came up with a few ideas that Walt wasn't too fond of. He was often quoted as saying "We'll take care of the outside and let the ghosts take care of the inside."
The original concept for the attraction included a tale of tales of a ghostly sea captain who killed his nosy bride and then hanged himself, a mansion home to an unfortunate family, and a ghostly wedding party with previous Disney villains and spooks like Captain Hook, lonesome ghosts, and the headless horseman. Some of the Universal Monsters were even planned to appear.
On August 9, 1969, the Disneyland version of the attraction was completed, and remained essentially unchanged for years until in 2001 when the Haunted Mansion is closed down for remodeling to make room for a few of Tim Burtons friend from "Nightmare Before Christmas".
Apparently in 2006 some additional spookiness was added but I don't want to give it away. I would suggest reading the Wiki on the haunted Mansion as it is chalk full of classic Disney Imagineering stories. Happy haunting BWAHHAHAHAHAHAH.
I have to give credit to YouTube this blog is really not possible with out it. Having video of ride throughs and events is really special. I really hope that I can be better about documenting trips in the future. That said it is also a great babysititng tool. Today I took Pro & Merrill to several Disneyland attractions and Princess sightings. Some of the best quotes:
"Rella,Rella! Dave Rella peety,Hi rella Hi rella! I Love You!"- Pro "Oh no Dave Oh No! Monsters crazy Dave Monsters crazy!"-Pro
Lots of happy screeching from Merrill.
Lots of fun I tell ya can't wait to actually be there.
Rising 147 feet above the park the Matterhorn Bobsled ride was always the signal for me that we were near Disneyland. Once my parents tried to trick us by not telling us where we were going however trying to hide 11 story mountain in the middle of a city took years of construction in and around Disneyland. The Matterhorn can still be seen today from the interstate 5 freeway but you've got to know where and when to look.
Walt conceived the ideal while filming on location in Switzerland for the movie Third Man on the Mountain(no video found). The Matterhorn was the first tubular steel coaster and the mountain is a 1/100th scale of the original Matterhorn in Switzerland. Opening June 14, 1959 the Matterhorn bobsled rides was opened and showcased with Tomorrow land but in 1970 the ride was annexed by Fantasyland. Originally the ride was not really showcased inside except for rock like concrete walls, in 1978 the Matterhorn received major a Imagineering overhaul and the Ice caves and a lovable fun yeti named Harold.
My first introduction to the Spanish language was on the bobsleds at the end of the ride you would here ""Remain seated please; Permanecer sentados por favor" . There is an old legend that there is a basketball court inside the Mountain too, although the story has been recently debunked as it was only a storage room with a basketball hoop in it where the Climbers would go for a break between climbing sessions.
When visiting the Wishing Well Grotto next to Sleeping Beauties Castle you will notice that Snow White and the Seven Dwarf's have taken up permanent residence overlooking the well there is a story about those statues.
The statues were donated anonymously to Walt Disney, and he was determined to incorporate them into the park. The only problem was that whoever made the statues made Snow White the same size as the dwarf's (which she is not). Walt Disney Imagineer John Hench used the optical trick of forced perspective to make the statues work. He put Snow White at the top of the waterfall with a Disney-made small deer and put the dwarfs close to ground-level, making Snow appear to be further away, and thus smaller.
One rumor as to the origin of the statues is that they were "a gift from an Italian sculptor that had never seen the film, but owned a set of soaps in the form of the princess and the dwarfs. Unfortunately, Snow White was the same size as the dwarfs in the soap set, so the sculptor made her that way."
No one knows for sure if the story is true but it sure is fun to think of a far off fan that loves Disney so much he spent so much time on a gift to Walt.
One ride I hav enever enjoyed at Disney's California Adventure is the Orange Stinger. You may ask why I don't like it, well the problem is I do but I don't fit. The chairs are just a bit narrow for this wide body. Chair swings are so much fun though. Spinnig around in side a large orange with the sound of a thousand bee's buzzing aournd you makes you feel like well your in a giant orange with the sound of a thousand bee's buzzing around you. I will certainly bee watching as the kids and slimmer persons in our group enjoy this ride.
No matter how many times you visit Disneyland your first experience after coming throught the gates is Main Street, U.S.A. The high railroad embankment prevents you from seeing the outside world as you enter the "Magic Kingdom" , and main street is just as magical as the rest of the park. Here is what Wikipedia has on Main Street: Main Street, U.S.A. is patterned after a typical midwest town of the early 20th century. Walt Disney derived inspiration from his boyhood town of Marceline, Missouri and worked closely with designers and architects to develop the Main Street appeal. It is the first area guests see when they enter the park, and is how guests reach Central Plaza. At the center of The Magic Kingdom and immediately North of Central Plaza stands Sleeping Beauty Castle, which provides entrance to Fantasyland by way of a drawbridge across a moat. Adventureland, Frontierland, and Tomorrowland are arrayed on both sides of the castle.
“For those of us who remember the carefree time it recreates, Main Street will bring back happy memories. For younger visitors, it is an adventure in turning back the calendar to the days of grandfather's youth.”— Walt E. Disney
Main Street, U.S.A. is reminiscent of the Victorian period of Americana with the train station, town square, movie theatre, city hall, firehouse complete with a steam-powered pump engine, emporium, shops, arcades, double-decker bus, horse-drawn streetcar, jitneys and other bits of memorabilia. At the far end of Main Street, U.S.A. is Sleeping Beauty Castle, and the Plaza hub which is a portal to all the theme lands.
The design of Main Street, U.S.A. utilizes a process to give the appearance of height called forced perspective. Buildings down Main Street are built at 3/4 scale on the first level, then 5/8 on the second story, and 1/2 scale on the third.
I personaly think most of the magic happens inside the store on Main Street at night when guests are leaving the park. What better way to make the visit last a littlelonger than to take home a sutffed Mickey, a box of chocolate covered peanuts, a new shirt, a limited edition sculpture (that cost as much as a smal 3rd world country), a Disney DVD, or even one last churror. Sure most of the trinket you bring home end up in the closet, but that's not why you really got it in the first placeis it?
I remember the story Tang told about Pauch when he was little telling his Mom that he flew. I wonder if this is why Soarin' Over California was one of his favorites. Flying is such a magical act. Disney included flying in several of the parks themes in the early days,. the Dumbo ride, Voyage to the Moon and The Rocket Pods. Soaring high above the earth for some is quiet dis-heartening to some but in Soarin' Over California you fellsafe and secure. You feel the cool breeze as you coast through the Redwoods and over mountains. You smell the pines, oranges, and sea air that are truly part of California. I think Walt would have really loved Soanrin' because it takes make believe to a new height! Remeber think a happy thought!
If your not already excited to go to Disneyland thanks to Molbert she gave me another reason tonight. Apple Fritters and Vegetable Gumbo in bread bowls. I really can't wait to feast on some delish treats that I have never tasted before. I also know that in New Orleans Square there is a place that serve not alcoholic Mint Juleps. Now I'm not one big on mint anything out side of well mints, but every where I read says they are really good. Wet you whistle no pics of treats could be found but we will be the first I am taking pictures of all the food we eat for the sake of posterity.
I was on YouTube tonight looking for something to cheer me up after the trouncing ASU got from the Georgia BullDawgs and found that Disnyland was having a contest for the Best Disney Memory Video. This is the winning video this little girl is so cute.
Next year on your Birthday The Cast over at Disneyland will be giving you a special birthday present. A free day at the park! Go on your Birthday and present valid proof of birth date and you will get in free to the Disneyland Theme Park. This is a one day one park pass who would have thunk that this would have ever happened. Getting anything at Disneyland for free is like the crocodile in Peter Pan not liking the taste of Captain Hook. Although this Mouseketeer has to wait till the end of next year to get his freebie. So have a slice of Birthday Cake and on September 29th you can start registering for the freebie.
America Sings opened in 1974 after replacing the Carousel of Progress after that latter show moved to the Magic Kingdom at the Walt Disney World Resort in 1973. America Sings used the same Carousel Theater that its predecessor vacated, with its outer ring of six theaters, all connected by divider walls, revolving mechanically about every four minutes around the six fixed stages in the center of the building. Unlike Disneyland's Carousel of Progress, which rotated clockwise, America Sings went counter-clockwise. America Sings was comparable to Disneyland's Country Bear Jamboree, in that it featured a singing cast of audio-animatronics. The show's Masters of Ceremony were an American bald eagle named Sam (voiced by Burl Ives) and an unnamed owl rumored to be named Ollie (voiced by Sam Edwards). The image of Eagle Sam was designed by Disney animator Marc Davis, as were the other characters. Eagle Sam is completely separate from the Sam the Olympic Eagle character designed a decade later by C. Robert Moore (also a Disney employee) for the Los Angeles Olympics of 1984. Like the Carousel of Progress, the first and the last scenes of America Sings involved the loading and unloading of guests, while the other four scenes, or "acts", depicted a particular era. However, the identical load and unload theaters each featured a small curtained gazebo with a backdrop showing a park. The curtains would open to reveal Sam and the owl standing on a two-level podium, with Sam standing on the higher level, introducing or closing the show. Between each act, as the theater rotated with the lights blacked out, Sam sang about the next era the audience was about to enter, reprising the chorus of "Yankee Doodle". The characters in America Sings were patterned after the characters from the concept art for an animated movie called Chanticleer, that Walt Disney scrapped back in the 1960's.~Wikipedia
I always enjoyed America Sings, growing up we would visit Disneyland in the Summer so it was always a good place to sit a take a half hour break from the heat. The new inovations attraction there probaly did not hit home as much as America Sings but the concept of the revolving theater is definately a great idea. The folks from America Sings found a new home though and probaly why it's another of my favorites. Splash Mountain is now the new home for the critters in apropiately named Critter Country.
What could be better than seeing you best Cowboy Buddy in person well how about taking a ride with him at Disneyland's California Adventure. Woody and all his pals from Toy Story are taking over the Boardwalk on June 27th to help you win boardwalk games like never before. It's a 4D adventure as only Disney can imagine it. Toy Story Mania will officially open on the 27th and should be amazing to ride. Instead of me trying to describe it click Mr.Potato Head to see all about it. Visit Woody at his Ride's Web site and design and play your own boardwalk game!
The "Jungle Cruise" ride is a 1955 original attraction in Adventureland. Largely unchanged since opening day the "Jungle Cruise" was , sad to say, not a big hit. Designing the ride was some what of a challenge as the Disneyland Landscaper Bill Evans had to be creative in his landscape design. He up-rooted orange trees from the grove that Disneyland was built on and re-planted them upside down and grew vines on them. He substitute many trees native to California to give the effect of a tropical climate. The water was dyed brown so that the guest could not see the bottom of the shallow canal which varies from 3-8 feet.
Supposedly this is the ride that inspired Walt to start "plussing the show" as he called it. One day he heard a mother tell a child that they did not need to go on that ride since they had already been on it. Walt's main concern was, as always the Guest. In 1955 all that the Jungle Cruise had to offer was a tropical feel ad the Elephant pool created by Marc Davis. So began a somewhat continual renovation of the ride. Today the ride is based on a 1930's era British expedition to the tropical jungles of Africa. The Boat house is designed to resemble a base camp with expedition equipment and even an old friend of Walt's a talking parrot.
Another part of "plussing " the ride that is the most entertaining for kids and adults alike are the jokes and antics of the famed river boat drivers of the Serengeti. Common jokes are:
Now behold the backside of water!
Wave goodbye to all the people you'll never see them again.
Wow it looks like those gorillas finally go that jeep turned over.
Don't worry Hippos are only dangerous when the wiggle their ears.
and finally... This is Trader Sam he is having a sale today two of his heads for one of yours.
The Jokes are only example and not drirect qutes....because they are only funny if you are actually on the ride.
When I was little I used to remember walking to our families favorite resting spot the Bear Country Jamboree. No longer there (sad) now replaced with The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh. On the way there just past the Haunted Mansion there was a small cliff with a cave in the hill side about half way up. If you listened carefully, well I take that back it was loud enough to hear all the time, you would hear SNORING! Yes to a 5 year old who can't wait to see the Bears sing and a talking Moose head (Melvin still in Winnie the Pooh) your Dad and Older Brother telling you that there was a really BEAR in the cave was quiet believable. I mean it really sounded like a Bear snoring. It was Rufus the Bear and his cave was turned in to Splash Mountain. Rufus was moved for a while to the top of Splash Mountain by the first drop but now Brar Bear lives there. I miss Rufus he was definitely a land mark and always meant to me that I was near a childhood favorite spot.
Since today we are celebrating two very real birthdays today I thought that the Mad Tea Party would be a great ride to blog about today. One of the 1955 original Fanatsyland rides the Mad tea Party originally did not have any brakes so the tea cups would spin as fast as the riders could get them going. Originally the ride was located about where Dumbo is today by King Arthur's Carousel ( Dumbo and Mad Tea Party are the only two rides to change places). The two rides switched places in the 1983 refurbishing of Fantasyland.
Attraction facts
Ride system: Three small turntables, which rotate counter clock-wise, each holding six teacups, within one large turntable, rotating clockwise
Restrictions: The original attraction at Disneyland is unable to run in the rain, once the turntables are saturated with a moderate amount of water they slip and can no longer spin.
All other versions of this attraction at Magic Kingdom, Tokyo Disneyland and Hong Kong Disneyland are covered to prevent such situations, as well as protect riders from extreme heat and sun.
I think that Disneyland has evolved into an all encompassing ride. For my proof you only have to look at the Tram back and forth between the front gates of Disneyland and the Mickey & Friends Tram. It is so exciting to clamber aboard the tram with the strollers and backpacks and what ever else you can possibly haul to Disneyland (i.e. the Happiest place on Earth). After an abbreviated pause for the tram conductor to tell the 1st time tourist to stay behind the yellow line so they don't get run over. You here over the loud speaker " We are now on route to the Disneyland Resort Entrance Plaza...". What a rush, in the old days the Tram we have today would have been a "E" ticket ride. That's a whole other blog. You fill the air rush through your hair (present blogger excluded) and everyone is talking about what to do first it's such a rush!
I think Walt really thought about transportation when he created Disneyland. He had street cars going up and down main street, the people mover, the monorail, Autotopia, etc. Walt was always worried about the comfort of the guest they even created a special concrete pavement that is easier on the feet than normal concrete. You may not think that at midnight when you're the second to last group out of the park and all you want to do is soak your feet for an hour. UGH! But Walt cared about us in the old day you would have to walk to your car from the front gate and that was the longest walk ever. You still have to walk some but I think the Imagineering team really wen tot great lengths to make us want to come back the next day even if our feet hurt. So to conclude from the time you get out of your car to the time you get back in it your on a ride so sit back relax and keep you hands, arms and legs inside the vehicle at all time.
Travel back in time to the era of the Gold Rush and race through canyons and cliffs of the deserted mining town of Tumbleweesd in a runaway mining train. Big Thunder Mountain Railroad located in Frontier land is inspired by scenes from the southwest such as Bryce Canyon and Arizona's Monument Valley. Big Thunder was the vision of imaginer Tony Baxter (no relation). The ride opened in 1979 and was a big hit! Built over the location of the "Mine Through Nature's Wonderland" the small town overlooking the loading area is part of the original town from Natures Wonderland. Miners havening a good time in the saloon and a player piano can be heard as you roll back into the station.
Here's a couple little know facts about Big Thunder:
A crate by the stairs reads "Baxter Boring Co."
Look a the Goat and pick up your feet for fun thrill as you race down around the Mountain
Big Thunder was the first ride at Disney Land to utilize "computer-aided design" in it's design
The Name Big Thunder is derived from the name of a waterfall on Natures Wonderland.
For a place as amazing as Disney you would think that any snacks,treats or food in general would not be a issue that was given a lot of thought. Walt however gave a great deal of thought to Food at Disneyland. He wanted you to feel at home even though you were in a magical place. The original 1955 Restaurants included:
Lets take a tour through the park and look at all the wonderful places to eat all day long. The best meal of the day is of course Breakfast. There is not many places that serve breakfast but here are some great places to start off the day right:
River Belle Terrace: an original 1955 restaurant- Home of the Mickey Mouse Pancake
La Brea Bakery Cafe: Downtown Disney- Best Bacon and French Toast in the Park
Main Street fruit Stand: Great place to get some healthy morning snacks
What comes between Breakfast and lunch why 2nd breakfast (or morning snack time) of course. Usually the time is right after we have ridden POC and maybe the haunted Mansion and are ready to take a long walk over to Fantasyland or Tommorowland and you need some little pick me up:
Apple, Carmel and Peanuts-Found at the Critter Country Fruit Stand
Popcorn
Churros
HOT McDonalds French Fries at Harbor Galley or Conestoga Fries
Pooh Corner- Best Carmel dipped pretzel sticks and apples in the land.
After some thrilling rides and having It's a Small World stuck in your head for the rest of the day its time for lunch. There are so many great lunch places it's hard to say where you should start but I know where I head to first:
The Golden Horseshoe:Chili Bread Bowls,Burgers and dogs while watching the best Hillbillies this side of the I-5 freeway.
The Bengal Barbacue- Chicken, Beef and veggie Kabbobs oh Yum.
Redd Rockett's Pizza Port- Hey It's got AC for those hot summer days and great Pasta,Pizza and Salads.
Royal Street Veranda-I've never eaten here but dang it smells good 1 word GUMBO
After Lunch parades and shows are always fun. Some show let you bring more nummy treats but whats best in the hot afternoon sun when you wan to cool down ICE CREAM!
Clarabelle's Frozen Yogurt-in ToonTown
Gibson Girl Ice Cream Parlor, hosted by Nestlé® Ice Cream-Main Street
Main Street Cone Shop, hosted by Nestlé® Ice Cream- Main Street
Tiki Juice Bar, hosted by Dole Pineapple-Frozen Pinapple Pops- Adventureland
Mint Julep Bar-New Orleans Square
And last but not lease any street vendor- Nestle Chocolate Chip Ice cream Sandwich
Dinner is great as the sunsets and the lights come on Disneyland changes into a different world. It's like eating by candle light or like a picnic under the stars. your still have 4-6 hours until the park closes so it's time to relax a little and fill up because you have probably walk several miles and stood in line for more time than it took to walk there. Here's my dinner favs:
Rancho del Zocalo Restaurante, hosted by Ortega-BBQ and Mexican Food-Frontierland
Blue Bayou-( a late comer to the original restaurants) Fine dining Disney Style
Plaza Inn- Fried Chicken dinner (coleslaw with almonds)
Village Haus Restaurant, hosted by Minute Maid - great for the kids Mickey Chicken Nuggets. Fantasy land
A whole bunch of places in Downtown Disney!
Well our day of Disney Treats is almost over the rides have shut down and now the crowds stroll down through Main Street shopping and what getting snacks for the evening. Main street has so many places to pick up snacks and souvenirs that it's almost too much to name them but her we go:
Candy Palace and Candy Kitchen- Homemade candy while you watch
Market House- A great place to pick up treats to go -chocolate covered pretzels, hot coco and more
Speaking of Hot Coco - In the winter time they sell it from street vendors with whip cream NUM!
Popcorn Carts- Nuff Said
Gibson Girl and Main Street Cone Shop
And Finally you will always find a Churro stand in the town square in front of the Train Station.
Well I'm full now and all this talk of food has made me gain at least ten pounds. I'm sure I have left some stuff out and of course we haven't even begun to talk about Disney's California Adventure. I'm not big on candy myself but there are lots of places to buy it in Disneyland, Downtown Disney and DCA. One thing you will never find at any of the Disney parks is GUM. It too hard to clean up and gets on peoples shoes so if you bring some yourself make sure to use a trash can, by the way did you know that the trash cans are spaced apart from each other by how long it took Walt Disney to eat a hot dog. True Story.
In 1956, Walt Disney attended a conference, along with many other notable celebrities of the time, at the invitation of President Eisenhower. The conference was about founding a national organization to help promote world peace through international civilian travel. (This dream became a reality in 1956, when Eisenhower founded the People to People Student Ambassador Program.) Inspired by the ideas from the meeting, Disney returned to California and set to work, creating the It's A Small World ride at Disneyland.
It's a Small World originated with the 1964/1965 New York World's Fair (it was Pepsi's pavilion.)
Many of the dolls were created by Joyce Carlson who is honored with a shop window along the Magic Kingdom's Main Street U.S.A. The sign there reads: "Dolls by Miss Joyce, Dollmaker for the World
A major feature is a gigantic three-dimensional clock with a happy face On the quarter-hour, wooden dolls representing different cultures parade out of the clock. After the last dolls exit the clock, a pair of giant doors swings open to reveal two large toy blocks — one block with the hour, and one block with the minutes, written in highly stylized numerals — then a bell tolls indicating the time.
The name of the ride was originally "children of the world". When Walt Disney demonstrated it to songwriters Robert B. Sherman and Richard M. Sherman, the ride's soundtrack featured numerous national anthems all playing at once. Disney said, "I need one song." In response, the brothers wrote one of the best known Disney tunes of all time: It's a Small World (After All). It is argued that the song may be the most performed and translated song on earth.
On Opening Day May 28,1966 (42 years ago In May) Walt Disney poured water from the 7 seas of the earth into the canal in the opening ceremony.
It's a small world has always been our favorite ride when we are tired and want to take some to relax. The 14 minute ride is refreshing and soothing to aching feet that have trekked from Main Street to New Orleans Square to Fantasyland. After It's a Small World we always are ready to jump back in a tackle some more rides.
In 1959 several new rides opened in Tomorrowland. They were the Matterhorn Bobsleds, the Monorail, the Motor Boat ride (no longer there), the rebuilt Autopia and our topic for today the Submarine Voyage. The Submarine Voyage consisted of 8 submarines. Walt Disney boasted at the time the ride opened that he had the 8th largest peace time submarine fleet. The subs were diesel powered boats and for a time women dressed as Mermaids would swim in the water and wave to guest. For 30 year the ride took voyagers to the depths of the sea. Voyagers saw many creatures of the sea including a sea serpent. Today however after a 10 year break the ride has re-opened as the "Finding Nemo Submarine Voyage" At the attraction's entrance, guests enter the Nautical Exploration and Marine Observation (NEMO) research center. There are three seagulls perched on a nearby buoy, bellowing out the phrase "Mine! Mine! Mine!" every few seconds. Nemo Finders relive the wonderful voyage that Nemo's Dad Marlin had when trying to find Nemo all our friends from the movie are there. Check out the link to see all about it (Way too much to include). No ride through video for this one so nothing is given away! Just a teaser.
By the way: The ride is actually under neath most of Autopia and the Monorail tracks in Tomorrowland.
Pirates of the Caribbean has been the traditional "First" ride at Disneyland. Keeping tradition is important so the first ride we will blog about will be those devils and black sheep, really bad eggs of the Pirates of the Caribbean.
POC is the last ride that Walt Disney actually helped design before he past away.
Originally the Blue Bayou restaurant which you past as you leave the docks was an Apartment for Walt and his Family to entertain guest at the park.
Originally POC was suppose to be a walk through but After the 1964 Worlds Fair (where It's a Small World Premiered) Walt felt that including "Audio-Animatronic" Pirates was the only way to go.
In 2006 the ride was refurbished to include Capt Jack Sparrow and others from the Movie.
Here is a Video of Walt Disney showing the design process of Pirates of Caribbean. You can read more about the ride here.
Welcome to the Disneyland or Bust blog, I am Unca Dave your guide to a wonderful 228 day exciting online adventure tour of Disneyland from a chair in front of your computer. Construction on Disneyland started on July 18, 1954 and opened 1 year later on July,17th 1955. Walt Disney first got the idea of building Disneyland from several different places. Many people would write letters to him wanting to visit the Walt Disney studios where Mickey Mouse and Snow White were made but there was so many people that wanted to visit that Walt decided to build a place where all the Disney Characters could come to life.
Opening day of Disneyland was broadcast on TV and only people with special opening day tickets could come to visit. There are many wonderful stories about opening day but the best is the speech Walt Disney read in front of the Main Street train station (and is on a plaque there today):
"To all who come to this happy place - welcome. Disneyland is your land. Here age relives fond memories of the past and here youth may savor the challenge and promise of the future. Disneyland is dedicated to the ideals, the dreams, and the hard facts that have created America... with the hope that it will be a source of joy and inspiration to all the world. Thank you."-Walter E.Disney July17,1955 4:3pm
So please remain seated and keep your hands and arms inside the blog at all times! HERE WE GO!
